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Everyone needs clean water.

But did you know low-income communities struggle to afford water? In the past five years, mass water turn offs have threatened communities from Detroit to Flint to Baltimore.

The Thurgood Marshall Institute’s study Water/Color: A Study of Race and the Water Affordability Crisis in America’s Cities shines a spotlight on:

  • The history of municipal water systems in the U.S. during two distinct time periods: the late 18th century through the first part of the 20th century and the post World War II era to the present.
  • The skyrocketing price of water and how our failing infrastructure is the biggest contributing cost.
  • A framework for potential litigation and policy solutions to challenge water lien sales and service terminations that have a disproportionate impact on Black communities.

For an overview of the report, click here. 

Published: June 10, 2019 

©Copyright 2026 Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.

The Thurgood Marshall Institute at LDF
National Headquarters - New York City


(212) 965-2200
Washington D.C. Office


(202) 682-1300

©Copyright 2026 Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.